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Audrey Doris Jones ( ; 15 September 192326 September 2006) was an English material scientist and a senior lecturer in the department of applied acoustics at the University of Salford. She made important contributions to the theory of the Johnsen–Rahbek effect, the electrical and thermal conductivity of , and the thermal resistance of building insulation. She was the only daughter of Frederick Stuckes, the general manager of a shipbroking firm, and was educated at Colston's Girls' School in Bristol. In 1942, she won a scholarship to study the Natural Science Tripos at Newnham College in the University of Cambridge.
Stuckes graduated in 1946 with a BA degree and joined Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford, as a graduate trainee in the research department. From 1953, she published a series of papers on the thermal and electrical conductivity of semiconductors. She proved the existence of the JohnsenRahbek effect and proposed an electric circuit model to explain the data. In December 1962, she was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics, and in the following year, she left MetropolitanVickers to work as a lecturer in the department of pure and applied physics at the Royal College of Advanced Technology, Salford, that became the University of Salford in 1967.
In 1975, Stuckes, together with John Edwin Parrott, published a wellreceived textbook that reviewed the theory and experimental data on thermal conductivity in solids and semiconductors. By 1979, she was a senior lecturer in the department of applied acoustics at Salford, and in the following year, she was in charge of the department's heat laboratory. The laboratory was supported by grants from, amongst others, the Science and Engineering Research Council and the Building Research Establishment. These grants funded studies to investigate the efficiency of insulating materials. She led a team to obtain experimental data that would allow builders to calculate a standard level of insulation. In 1982, she presented a television programme for the Open University that demonstrated the usefulness of these simple models of thermal conduction. She retired from the university in September 1988 and died after a long illness at a nursing home in Urmston, Trafford.
After the war, Stuckes' father returned to Bethell Gwyn, and in March 1953, he was elected president of the Bristol Steamship Owners' Association. He had been elected a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers in 1945, and in August 1953, he was elected chair of the Bristol section of the institute. In September 1956, he retired from Bethell Gwyn after fortyeight years of service.
However, instead of taking up the scholarship at Bedford, Stuckes entered Newnham College in the University of Cambridge, to study the Natural Science Tripos. In 1946, she graduated with a BA degree, and in the same year, she was elected a student member of the Physical Society of London. In 1950, she was elected an associate of the Institute of Physics and awarded an MA by Cambridge. In 1969, she returned to Cambridge to complete a PhD, and subsequently, she was elected to the Academic senate of the university.
From 1953, Stuckes published a series of papers on the thermal and electrical conductivity of semiconductors. In one such paper, she investigated the Electrostatics force between polished plates of a semiconductor and a metal when placed in contact and a voltage applied. The force is caused by the free charge that accumulates between the semiconductor and metal surfaces. This force, or attraction, is known as the Johnsen–Rahbek effect, and is proportional to the square of the applied voltage. Stuckes constructed a clutch that consisted of a plate of magnesium orthotitanate, a hard, ceramic semiconductor, that rubbed against a highlypolished steel plate. She found that abrasion at the contact surfaces caused the force to decrease as the number of operations increased and suggested the presence of an electron field emission effect at the contact boundary. She proved the existence of the effect, proposed an electric circuit model to explain the data, and noted that as the voltage increased, the area of field emission also increased, and consequently, this limited the field strength of the circuit.
On 4December 1962, Stuckes was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics, and in the subsequent year, she left MetropolitanVickers to work as a lecturer in the department of pure and applied physics at the Royal College of Advanced Technology, Salford, that became the University of Salford in 1967. In 1975, Stuckes, together with John Edwin Parrott, published a textbook that reviewed the theory and experimental data on thermal conductivity in solids and semiconductors. Parrott was a scientist at the Aldermaston Court research laboratory of Associated Electrical Industries (the then holding company of MetropolitanVickers), and later, professor of physics at University of Wales, Cardiff. In 1956, he had obtained a PhD from the University of Reading on the thermal and thermoelectric properties of semiconductors. Paul Gustav Klemens, late professor of physics at the University of Connecticut, reviewed the book at the time of publication and stated that "it is most unique and valuable; the theoretical problem is very difficult, and nowhere is there such a good summary of the useful approximations and the salient results."
By 1979, Stuckes was a senior lecturer in the department of applied acoustics at Salford, and in 1980, she was in charge of the department's heat laboratory. The laboratory was supported by grants from the Polymer Engineering Directorate and the Building Subcommittee (she was a member of this committee in 1982) of the Science and Engineering Research Council, and the Building Research Establishment in the Department of the Environment. These grants funded a study to investigate how moisture in affects the surrounding insulation. At the time, no one knew the exact efficiency of standard insulating materials as data was based on material in "dry" condition. Stuckes led a team to obtain experimental data that would allow builders to calculate a standard level of insulation. The study concluded that heat transfer in buildings can be modelled adequately by simple, onedimensional, steady state models.
In 1981, Stuckes was interviewed by Alfred Bates about the most efficient way to heat and insulate homes. The interview was broadcast on 31March 1981, as part of a BBC North West regional television documentary series entitled Towards Tomorrow. In the following year, she presented a television programme for the Open University that demonstrated the usefulness of simple models of thermal conduction. The programme was first broadcast on BBC One in the morning of 3May 1982 and formed part of the Open University's Course credit on heat transfer. In the 1980s, she continued to publish research on the thermal properties of building materials. In one study with Anthony Simpson, they found that the shape of air inclusions within vermiculite concrete affected the thermal conductivity of the concrete. This finding was explored further with British Petroleum and resulted in a joint patent being granted on a thermally insulating filler. By May 1986, she was awarded Chartered Physicist status by the Institute of Physics, and by September 1988, she had retired from her position at the university.
Douglas retired in 1984 after 46 years' service as a research engineer with the General Electric Company. He died in hospital on 15July 1995, aged 75 years, and his funeral service was held on 21July 1995 at Altrincham Crematorium, Dunham Massey. Stuckes died after a long illness on 26September 2006, aged 83 years, at Faversham Nursing Home, Urmston, Trafford. Her funeral service was held at the same crematorium on 3October 2006 and her ashes were later interred in the crematorium grounds.
| Meeting on semiconductors | Physical Society of London and British Thomson-Houston | British Thomson-Houston Research Laboratories, Rugby, Warwickshire, England | Reginald Chasmar and Stuckes presented their paper on the measurement of the thermal conductivity of semiconductors. | ||
| International conference on semiconductor physics | UNESCO and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics | Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic | Reginald Chasmar, Eric Durham, and Stuckes presented their paper on the thermal and electrical properties of cadmium telluride and mercury telluride semiconductors. | ||
| Conference on thermoelectricity | Institute of Physics | University of Durham, Durham, England | Stuckes presented her paper on measuring the thermal conductivity of semiconductors at high temperatures. | ||
| Second conference on the thermophysical properties of solids at high temperatures | Solid-state physics subcommittee of the Institute of Physics, in collaboration with the British Ceramic Society and the Society of Chemical Industry | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (now the headquarters of Sellafield Ltd), Risley, Warrington, England | Stuckes was the organising scientific secretary. The topic of the conference was the thermodynamics and transport properties of hightemperature materials. The proceedings were reported in two issues of the International Journal of High Temperatures and Refractories. |
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